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It’s Insidious, It’s Fast and It’s Deadly – It’s Hemorrhagic GastroEnteritis (HGE)
Canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis sounds scary and is scary. If the signs and symptoms are not recognized and aggressive treatment is not initiated immediately, its severe and sudden onset can be fatal.
The good news is that most dogs never get it. The bad news is that you won’t have much time if your dog gets it. That’s why it’s important to know what to watch out for and what important steps you should take to save your dog’s life.
What is HGE?
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis occurs when the intestinal lining leaks. Fluid, red blood cells, and protein seep out of the blood vessels and into the intestines, causing nausea, bloody vomiting, and profuse and explosive rectal bleeding. Your dog may never get it. They can get it once in their life or it can become a chronic disease.
It is not contagious.
Who gets HGE?
Dogs of any age, breed or sex can get it. Toy and smaller breeds, for example Dachshunds, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Poodles and Miniature Schnauzers, 2-4 years old, seem to make up the majority of animals cared for.
What makes this disease so insidious, its cause is unknown and there is no warning. There are numerous theories, including diet, bacterial toxins, intestinal parasites, normal or lower blood protein levels, and possibly even stress. Research also shows that it occurs more in the spring.
Signs and symptoms
This disease is hard and progresses quickly! The symptoms make a terrible mess! Today, a perfectly healthy dog can be barely conscious in a pool of blood in the morning, then go into shock within hours and die within 24 hours. It is important that you know what to look out for.
Symptoms include bloody, often explosive diarrhea, bloody vomiting, both of which have an exceptionally bad smell. Most people who deal with HGE agree, comparing it to “raspberry jam” is the best way to describe it.
Other signs and symptoms include foul-smelling flatulence, lethargy, drooling, loss of appetite, dehydration, listlessness, depression, shock and possibly death.
Diagnosis
Your vet will start by removing the most obvious. They include parvovirus, obstruction, gastrointestinal disorders (telescoping from one part of the intestine to another), intestinal volvulus (twisting of the intestine), gastrointestinal ulcers, coronavirus, colitis, venom, hookworms, whipworms, leptospirosis, giardiasis, low blood clot coccidiosis, malabsorption and cancer.
They will also notice an absence of fever and a decrease in white blood cells, as well as normal or lower blood protein levels. Dogs with HGE usually have a high packing cell volume (PCV), usually 60% or more (normal is 35-55%). PCV is a measure of blood thickness due to dehydration.
Care
Your vet will ask if you want conservative or aggressive treatment. Don’t waste time on conservative treatment. Requires aggressive treatment. Your dog will stay in the hospital without food or water by mouth for 1-4 days. It also includes IV treatments with potassium, an anti-inflammatory drug, and antibiotics to hydrate, help prevent shock, and prevent sepsis.
Your vet can also change the protein in your diet. This means that if they follow mainly beef, it can be switched to chicken and/or lamb and possibly cottage cheese.
Prognosis
Your dog’s chances of survival are very good if it is identified early and treated aggressively. Remember that about 10-15% are at risk for more than one episode.
Bottom line – Canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis can be fatal. Know the signs and symptoms and take immediate and aggressive action. It could be the difference between life and death.
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